Imagine a secret and secluded land. 想象一下一个秘密而僻静的地方.
Head hunting tribes, 猎头部落,
tiger-infested forests, 老虎出没的森林,
uncharted mountains,shrouded in mist, 未知的山脉,笼罩在薄雾中,
and raging waterfalls. 还有汹涌的瀑布.
The seven states of Northeast India 印度东北部的七个州
are among the least explored places on Earth. 是地球上探索最少的地方之一.
We reveal a world of dramatic landscapes 我们展现了一个充满戏剧性景观的世界
and magnificent wildlife. 还有美丽的野生动物.
Welcome to "India's Lost World". 欢迎来到“印度失落的世界”.
The Northeast of India is hard to reach 印度东北部很难到达
and has a turbulent history. 有着动荡的历史.
It's been closed to foreigners for many years. 多年来这里一直不对外国人开放.
Known as The Seven Sisters of India, 被称为印度七姐妹,
it comprises seven relatively unexplored 它包括七个相对未开发的
and isolated states. 和孤立的状态.
They're bordered by the Himalayas to the north, 北面与喜马拉雅山接壤,
and spread south towards the Indian Ocean. 向南延伸到印度洋.
Jungle-clad mountains create their own weather systems. 丛林覆盖的山脉创造了自己的天气系统.
Rain falls almost continually 雨几乎不停地下
on some of the world's wettest habitats. 在世界上最潮湿的栖息地.
As a result,life flourishes. 结果,生活繁荣昌盛.
Plants grow at an astonishing rate, 植物以惊人的速度生长,
providing homes for many rare insects and animals, 为许多珍稀昆虫和动物提供家园,
and several mysterious tribes. 还有几个神秘的部落.
This is one of the most beautiful,pristine, 这是最美丽、最原始的,
and unexplored places on Earth. 以及地球上未知的地方.
Nestling in the foothills of the Himalayas is a lush, 依偎在喜马拉雅山麓的是一片郁郁葱葱,
green,and mountainous world. 绿色,多山的世界.
Forests and valleys teem with life. 森林和山谷充满了生命.
And they're home to a quarter 他们有四分之一的家
of the world's Asian elephants. 世界上的亚洲象.
Once,they migrated freely across India 有一次,他们在印度各地自由迁徙
on an epic 1,300-kilometer journey. 在1300公里的史诗般的旅程中.
Today,their age-old paths are punctuated 今天,他们古老的道路被打断了
with obstacles and danger. 有障碍和危险.
But herds continue their quest to find better grazing 但牧群继续寻找更好的放牧方式
and ample water by following the monsoon north. 随着季风的北移,这里有充足的水.
Their annual trek takes them through jungles, 他们一年一度的长途跋涉带他们穿过丛林,
across plains,and up mountains over 3,000 meters high. 穿过平原,爬上3000多米高的高山.
The herd is led by the oldest female,the matriarch. 牧群由最年长的母系族长领导.
It's her responsibility to remember the ancient routes. 她有责任记住古老的路线.
Elephants need a huge amount of food to sustain them. 大象需要大量的食物来维持生命.
Adults need to eat nearly 200 kilograms of vegetation a day. 成年人每天需要吃近200公斤的植物.
That's the same weight as 2 1/2 fully grown men. 这和两个半成年男人的体重是一样的.
And they need over 100 liters of water a day 他们每天需要超过100公升的水
to wash it down. 把它洗干净.
The prehensile trunk contains over 100,000 muscles. 可缠绕的躯干包含超过100000块肌肉.
It's an amazing,multi-purpose tool, 这是一个神奇的多用途工具,
used for breathing,smelling,and communicating, 用于呼吸、嗅觉和交流,
and can be a dangerous weapon. 可能是个危险的武器.
It also makes an excellent shower. 它也可以很好的淋浴.
Elephants love water. 大象喜欢水.
But the bathers can't linger. 但洗澡的人不能逗留.
The matriarch must get her herd back on track 女族长必须让她的牧群重回正轨
and continue to follow the path of the monsoon. 继续沿着季风的路径前进.
Adult elephants are too large to be threatened by predators, 成年大象太大了,不会受到食肉动物的威胁,
but for a young elephant,India's forests can be deadly. 但是对于一头小象来说,印度的森林是致命的.
Tigers sometimes kill calves. 老虎有时会杀死小牛.
With adults close,the youngster is safe for now. 随着成年人的接近,这个年轻人现在是安全的.
The forests harbor a wealth of creatures. 森林里有很多生物.
Big cats patrol the undergrowth. 大猫在灌木丛中巡逻.
And as night falls,a shaggy recluse comes out of hiding. 夜幕降临,一个毛茸茸的隐士从隐藏中走了出来.
The sloth bear lives deep in the forest. 懒熊生活在森林深处.
And it makes a lot of noise as it wanders alone 它独自游荡时会发出很大的噪音
in search of food. 寻找食物.
Sloth bears mainly feed on termites and ants, 懒熊主要以白蚁和蚂蚁为食,
and they've evolved an expert way to dig them out and feed. 它们进化出了一种专门的方法来把它们挖出来喂养.
Long,curved claws break into nest mounds with ease. 长而弯曲的爪子很容易就进入巢丘.
Once they've opened a hole,they blow away loose dirt 一旦他们开了一个洞,他们就会把松散的泥土吹走
and suck up insects through a gap 从缝隙里吸昆虫
in their front teeth,like a vacuum. 在他们的门牙里,就像真空吸尘器.
As the sun rises over India's lost world, 当太阳从印度失落的世界升起,
an orchestra of natural sounds fills the air. 空气中弥漫着一支由自然声音组成的管弦乐队.
The tropical mountain forests of Northern India 印度北部的热带山地森林
are rich in flora and fauna,and there is a good reason why. 有丰富的动植物,这是有充分理由的.
The almost constant rainfall. 几乎持续的降雨.
India's northeastern state,Meghalaya, 印度东北部的梅加拉亚州,
is the wettest place of all. 是最潮湿的地方.
Meghalaya means abode of clouds. Meghalaya意思是云的居所.
On average,1,200 centimeters of rain falls here every year. 这里平均每年有1200厘米的降雨.
This fuels rapid and remarkable plant growth. 这促进了植物迅速而显著的生长.
Plants and insects have evolved 植物和昆虫已经进化
into many weird and wonderful forms. 变成了许多奇怪而奇妙的形式.
An enormous moon moth mimics a quivering leaf. 一只巨大的月蛾模仿一片颤动的树叶.
It's huge size is made possible by this humid environment. 这种潮湿的环境使它的巨大体积成为可能.
Local people are never short of water. 当地人从不缺水.
They embrace nature in all its forms, 他们拥抱一切形式的自然,
and utilize the rapid rate of plant growth 利用植物的快速生长
in the most ingenious way. 以最巧妙的方式.
The roots of Indian rubber trees are trained 印度橡胶树的根是经过训练的
across the river and embedded on the other side. 在河的另一边.
This creates a living,root bridge, 这就创造了一个活生生的根桥,
which will carry on growing for decades. 它将持续增长几十年.
This bridge has taken over 30 years to reach this size. 这座桥花了30多年才达到这个尺寸.
Meghalaya's hills and mountains reach 梅加拉亚的丘陵和山脉
over 2,000 meters high,and shadow a vast plateau. 海拔2000多米,背影辽阔的高原.
On its southern edge,the Meghalayan hills fall away 在它的南边,梅加拉扬山脉逐渐消失
to Bangladesh's flood plains. 去孟加拉的洪泛平原.
The steep hills are littered with waterfalls, 陡峭的山丘上到处都是瀑布,
which spring to life after every downpour. 每下一场倾盆大雨之后,春天都会复活.
Nohkalikai Falls drop over 300 meters. 诺卡利凯瀑布的落差超过300米.
They're the fourth tallest waterfall in the world. 它们是世界上第四高的瀑布.
Cascading falls have immense power. 瀑布有巨大的力量.
Over millennia,they've carved an incredible maze 几千年来,他们创造了一个不可思议的迷宫
of caverns and caves,deep within the hills. 山洞和山洞,深藏在山里.
Jaintia Hills hide the longest cave system in India. 詹提亚山隐藏着印度最长的洞穴系统.
They spread out over 20 kilometers. 他们分布在20多公里外.
Huge stalactites,thousands of years in the making, 巨大的钟乳石,几千年的历史,
decorate the walls. 装饰墙壁.
Water drips,trickles,and pours everywhere. 水到处滴落.
Untold water gives rise to steamy rain forests 不计其数的水形成了热气腾腾的雨林
across the whole of Northeast India. 整个印度东北部.
The rich plant growth provides a home 丰富的植物生长提供了一个家
for a mass of birds and insects, 对于一群鸟和昆虫来说,
and many rare primates. 还有许多稀有的灵长类动物.
Spectacled monkeys live high in the canopy, 眼镜猴生活在高高的树冠上,
in troops up to 35 strong. 在35人的部队里.
They spend around four hours a day feeding 它们每天花大约四个小时喂食
on leaves,fruit,and the occasional flower. 叶子,水果,偶尔的花朵.
Their stomachs are specially adapted with extra bacteria 它们的胃特别适应额外的细菌
to help them digest tough leaves and unripe fruits. 帮助它们消化坚硬的叶子和未成熟的果实.
Spectacled monkeys are most active 眼镜猴最活跃
in the early morning and late afternoon. 在清晨和傍晚.
All four limbs come into play to help them leap 所有的四肢都起作用来帮助他们跳跃
and scamper through the trees. 在树林里蹦蹦跳跳.
Females give birth to one baby at a time. 雌性一次产一个婴儿.
This youngster will stay with her mother 这个孩子将和她妈妈住在一起
for about 3 1/2 months. 大约三个半月.
Play is an important part of growing up for all primates. 游戏是所有灵长类动物成长的重要组成部分.
Branches bend under the weight of boisterous youngsters. 树枝在喧闹的年轻人的重压下弯曲.
Adults stay on the lookout for danger. 成年人要留心危险.
One of their deadliest threats 他们最致命的威胁之一
is also one of the stealthiest. 也是最隐秘的.
An Indian python is on the lookout for an easy meal. 一条印度蟒蛇正在寻找一顿便餐.
It's huge,camouflaged body disappears 它很大,伪装的尸体消失了
among the leaf litter. 在落叶中.
Pits on the snake's face sense warm-blooded prey. 蛇脸上的凹坑能感觉到温血的猎物.
Indian pythons can grow to over six meters, 印度蟒蛇能长到6米以上,
and can easily swallow a monkey whole. 而且很容易把猴子整个吞下去.
The highly sensitive,forked tongue 高度敏感,分叉的舌头
tastes the air,creating a picture of the world around it. 品尝空气,创造一幅周围世界的图画.
The python knows food is close. 蟒蛇知道食物就在附近.
It bides its time until the moment is right to strike. 它等待时机,直到时机成熟.
The snake coils its muscular body around its victim 蛇把它肌肉发达的身体缠绕在受害者身上
and squeezes tight,until its prey suffocates. 紧紧挤压,直到猎物窒息.
It then swallows its meal whole. 然后它把饭整个吞下去.
By unhinging three parts of its jaw, 把它下巴的三个部分解开,
its mouth opens 180 degrees. 它的嘴张开180度.
The python's skin is also extremely elastic. 蟒蛇的皮肤也非常有弹性.
It can swallow prey five times the size of its head. 它能吞下五倍于头部大小的猎物.
It's the human equivalent of swallowing a whole watermelon. 这就相当于人类吞下了整个西瓜.
It gulps down the monkey head first, 它先把猴头吞下去,
so its limbs don't get stuck. 所以它的四肢不会被卡住.
Muscular contractions help to push it down 肌肉收缩有助于把它往下推
into its stomach. 进入它的胃.
Snake saliva eases swallowing by lubrication, 蛇的唾液通过润滑来减轻吞咽,
and contains powerful enzymes 含有强大的酶
that break down the monkey's body. 会破坏猴子的身体.
But pythons aren't the primates' only threat. 但是蟒蛇并不是灵长类动物唯一的威胁.
Local people often hunt and eat monkeys too. 当地人也经常猎食猴子.
Northeast India is home to more tribes 印度东北部是更多部落的家园
than anywhere else on Earth. 比地球上任何地方都重要.
The isolated state of Arunachal Pradesh is especially rich 阿鲁纳恰尔邦的孤立状态尤为丰富.
in indigenous people and culture. 在土著人民和文化中.
Meaning Land of the Dawn-lit Mountains, 意味着黎明之地照亮了群山,
Arunachal Pradesh is India's easternmost state. 阿鲁纳恰尔邦是印度最东端的一个州.
One of the groups of people who live here 住在这里的一群人之一
are the Apatani. 是阿帕塔尼.
Their lives are dictated by the ebb and flow of the rain 他们的生活是由雨的涨落决定的
and the forest's seasonal fruits. 还有森林里的时令水果.
The Apatani have no written record of their history. 阿帕塔尼人没有他们历史的书面记录.
Local traditions are passed down 当地的传统是传承下来的
from generation to generation. 一代又一代.
One practice,fast-disappearing, 一次练习,很快就消失了,
is the traditional Apatani nose plugs, 是传统的阿帕塔尼鼻塞,
worn by most of the tribe's elder women. 大多数部落的年长妇女都穿着.
There was a time when every woman wore 曾几何时,每个女人都穿着
these unusual accessories. 这些不寻常的配件.
The nose plug is said to have been adopted 据说采用了鼻塞
as a way of protecting the women of the tribe. 作为保护部落妇女的一种方式.
Local legend says the Apatani women 当地传说阿帕塔尼女人
were considered the most beautiful 被认为是最美的
among all the Arunachal tribes. 在所有阿鲁纳恰尔部落中.
Their villages were constantly raided by neighbors, 他们的村庄经常遭到邻居的袭击,
and the women kidnapped. 女人被绑架了.
So,to make themselves less attractive, 所以,为了降低自己的吸引力,
Apatani women began wearing nose plugs 阿帕塔尼妇女开始戴鼻塞
and tattooing their faces. 在他们的脸上纹身.
But the custom hasn't been practiced 但是这个习俗还没有实行
by any woman born after 1970. 1970年以后出生的女人.
As time passes,it may be forgotten. 随着时间的推移,它可能会被遗忘.
But other ancient practices are still carried out 但其他古老的习俗仍在实行
in isolated pockets of this mysterious region. 在这个神秘地区的偏远地区.
The village elder performs a ritual chicken sacrifice 村里的长者在进行鸡的祭祀仪式
to encourage rainfall. 鼓励降雨.
He's alleged to be 133 years old. 据称他已经133岁了.
These Apatani women have come together 这些阿帕塔尼女人走到了一起
to initiate a wedding ritual at the bride's home. 在新娘家举行婚礼仪式.
Over 100 women from neighboring villages 来自邻近村庄的100多名妇女
take part in a long march. 参加长征.
They pass through farms and fields, 他们穿过农场和田地,
carrying baskets full of rice,topped with bamboo shoots 提着装满大米的篮子,上面放着竹笋
and a pair of eggs. 还有一对鸡蛋.
It's part of a fertility ritual 这是生育仪式的一部分
dating back thousands of years. 可以追溯到几千年前.
The bride's mother brings up the rear 新娘的母亲在后面
as the bride leads the way to her future husband's home. 当新娘领着她去她未来丈夫的家.
When they arrive at the groom's house, 当他们到达新郎家时,
the rice is taken to the family granary. 大米被送到家里的粮仓.
The women are given a token of appreciation. 妇女们得到一个表示感谢的信物.
They're fed and rest after their exhausting trek. 他们在筋疲力尽的长途跋涉后得到了食物和休息.
The next day,the bride brings rice powder 第二天,新娘带来米粉
and holy water,the essential ingredients 圣水,最基本的成分
for the wedding ceremony. 为了婚礼.
The village elder overseeing the ceremony brings chickens, 监督仪式的村长带来了鸡,
which are ritually sacrificed. 是仪式上的祭品.
During an Apatani wedding, 在阿帕塔尼的婚礼上,
over 70 chickens are usually killed. 通常有70多只鸡被杀.
Their blood is sprinkled in the granary doorway, 他们的鲜血洒在粮仓门口,
which is believed to bring the newlyweds good luck. 相信能给新婚夫妇带来好运.
Special ornaments are made out of bamboo, 特别的装饰品是用竹子做的,
eggshells,and chicken feathers. 蛋壳和鸡毛.
They're hung in front of houses 它们挂在房子前面
and along village paths to bring fortune 沿着村庄的小路带来财富
to the married couple and their families. 给已婚夫妇和他们的家人.
The wedding feast also includes 婚宴还包括
the ritual sacrifice of a pig. 猪的祭祀仪式.
Chunks of pork are laid out to dry, 大块的猪肉被晾干,
then carved and roasted over an open fire. 然后在明火上雕刻和烘烤.
Guests wash down their meal with rice beer. 客人们用米酒洗碗.
The feast marks the end of the wedding. 宴会标志着婚礼的结束.
The Apatani rely on agriculture for survival, 阿帕塔尼人依靠农业生存,
and mainly eat rice, 主要吃米饭,
but meat is an important part of their diet. 但肉类是他们饮食的重要组成部分.
And they find it in the most unusual places. 他们在最不寻常的地方发现了它.
The village rat hunt is a community affair. 村里的捕鼠活动是社区事务.
All the young men join in. 所有的年轻人都参加了.
Rats are smoked out of their nests, 老鼠被熏出巢穴,
captured,and killed. 被俘,然后被杀.
Hunts can last for hours. 狩猎可以持续数小时.
The day's catch is laid out on display. 这一天的捕获物陈列着.
Later,the rats are skewered and barbecued 后来,把老鼠串起来烤
over a small fire. 在一堆小火上.
Although the Apatani thrive 尽管阿帕塔尼人兴旺发达
among the rich,forested mountains, 在森林茂密的群山之中,
they aren't immune to attacks from the animals 它们对动物的攻击没有免疫力
they share their home with. 他们和别人合住一个家.
And when these neighbors fall out, 当这些邻居吵架的时候,
the results can be devastating. 结果可能是毁灭性的.
The Indian elephants migratory routes extend 印度象迁徙路线延伸
throughout Arunachal Pradesh. 整个阿鲁纳恰尔邦.
But their ancient paths have been seriously interrupted 但他们古老的道路被严重中断
by local people. 是当地人做的.
They've been crisscrossed with tea plantations, 这里到处都是茶园,
crops,and houses. 庄稼和房子.
To hungry elephants,this isn't always a problem. 对于饥饿的大象来说,这并不总是一个问题.
Human habitats can be a convenient place 人类栖息地可以是一个方便的地方
for a fast food fix. 去吃快餐.
As homes and crops are devastated, 随着家园和庄稼被摧毁,
tensions between humans and elephants escalate. 人类和大象之间的紧张关系升级.
Conflicts sometimes lead to fatalities on both sides. 冲突有时会导致双方的死亡.
As crops spread and villages grow, 随着庄稼的蔓延和村庄的发展,
further clashes seem inevitable. 进一步的冲突似乎不可避免.
The population of Asian elephants 亚洲象的数量
has halved in the past 75 years. 在过去的75年里减半了.
They're now listed as an endangered species. 它们现在被列为濒危物种.
The destruction of their habitat will likely lead 它们栖息地的破坏很可能导致
to further falling numbers. 进一步下降的数字.
The herd move away quickly and continue their trek. 牛群迅速离开,继续他们的跋涉.
For the time being,despite the tension, 目前,尽管局势紧张,
this lost world remains their last stronghold. 这个失落的世界仍然是他们最后的据点.
These northeastern forests are also home 这些东北部的森林也是家园
to India's only wild ape, 印度唯一的野生猿,
the hoolock gibbon. 胡洛克长臂猿.
Many people mistake the hoolock gibbon for a monkey 许多人把长臂猿误认为猴子
because of its small size and mischievous appearance. 因为它体积小,外表淘气.
But like other apes,such as chimps and gorillas, 但和其他类人猿一样,比如黑猩猩和大猩猩,
the gibbon doesn't have a tail, 长臂猿没有尾巴,
and its hands have opposable thumbs like humans. 它的手有着和人类一样的拇指.
The arms of these unusual apes are longer 这些不同寻常的猿类的手臂更长
than their legs,too. 也比他们的腿好.
It helps them travel through the trees with ease. 它帮助他们轻松地穿过树林.
These nimble gymnasts have few equals in the forest. 这些敏捷的体操运动员在森林里几乎没有对手.
Hoolock gibbons are the fastest and most agile 胡洛克长臂猿是最快和最敏捷的
of the primates. 灵长类动物.
They mainly use their arms to move between branches, 它们主要用手臂在树枝间移动,
but they can jump over 10 meters too. 但他们也能跳10米以上.
Males have a black coat and white eyebrows. 雄性有黑色的皮毛和白色的眉毛.
Females are much lighter in color. 雌性的颜色要浅得多.
Babies are born with white fur,which gradually darkens 婴儿出生时皮毛是白色的,逐渐变黑
as they grow older. 随着年龄的增长.
They mainly eat fruit, 他们主要吃水果,
but also like leaves,insects and flowers. 但也喜欢树叶,昆虫和花.
But these acrobatic apes are most famous for their singing. 但这些杂技猿最出名的是唱歌.
Complex calls proclaim territories, 复杂的呼唤宣告领土,
reinforce pair bonds,and attract potential mates. 加强配对关系,吸引潜在的伴侣.
Their haunting cries echo throughout the jungles 他们萦绕心头的哭声在丛林中回荡
of Northeast India. 产于印度东北部.
They're so distinctive,they've been adopted 它们很特别,被收养了
by a surprising mimic. 令人惊讶的模仿.
These are the hunting cries of a remote tribe. 这是一个偏远部落的狩猎叫声.
The head hunters of Nagaland 纳加兰的猎头
live in one of India's most secretive regions. 生活在印度最神秘的地区之一.
It's been closed to foreigners for many years. 多年来这里一直不对外国人开放.
In this largely unexplored,isolated area, 在这片未被开发的偏远地区,
people scarcely known to the western world 西方世界几乎不认识的人
continue a way of life steeped in ancient ritual. 继续一种沉浸在古老仪式中的生活方式.
This time-lost region is bordered by India, 这个失去时间的地区与印度接壤,
Burma,and China. 缅甸和中国.
The Naga are a group of tribes 纳迦族是一个部落
for whom headhunting and mystical healing still hold sway. 对他们来说,猎头和神秘治疗仍然占据主导地位.
They're so cut off from the modern world, 他们与现代社会隔绝了,
their traditions have continued without influence. 他们的传统一直没有受到影响.
Reaching them involves a journey more treacherous 到达它们需要一段更加危险的旅程
than crossing the highest Himalayan passes. 而不是穿越喜马拉雅山的最高山口.
The Naga are a proud people, 纳迦人是一个骄傲的民族,
proud of their customs and their history of headhunting. 为他们的风俗习惯和猎头历史感到骄傲.
A headhunter describes how their infamous practice 一位猎头描述了他们臭名昭著的做法
was a traditional rite of passage. 是传统的成人仪式.
It proved a young man was ready for marriage, 证明一个年轻人已经准备好结婚了,
and also helped decide territory. 也帮助决定了领土.
He describes how,as a young man, 他描述了年轻时,
he was encouraged to hunt young men from neighboring tribes. 他被鼓励去猎杀邻近部落的年轻人.
A small group of warriors would stealthily creep up 一小群战士会悄悄地爬上来
on lone people and kill them quickly with a knife. 在孤独的人身上,用刀迅速杀死他们.
He explains how each body part seized allowed one 他解释了身体的每一部分是如何被抓住的
to display decoration on his clothes. 在他的衣服上做装饰.
Hands,feet,but most prized of all,heads. 手,脚,但最珍贵的是头.
He explains how the body parts were then given 他解释了身体的部分是如何被给予的
a proper burial in a sacred place, 在神圣的地方安葬,
to thank the gods for his tribe's success and power. 感谢上帝赐予他部落的成功和力量.
A successful headhunter was allowed to wear 一个成功的猎头被允许穿着
the most ornate and revered adornments during festivals. 节日期间最华丽、最受尊敬的装饰品.
These days,manhood is proved in wrestling matches instead. 如今,摔跤比赛证明了男子气概.
It's a good way to diffuse tension, 这是缓解紧张的好方法,
both within and between local villages. 在当地村庄内部和村庄之间.
The women are left with the hard work, 女人们只剩下艰苦的工作,
like collecting food and medicinal plants 喜欢采集食物和药用植物
from deep in the forest. 从森林深处.
Young men can choose to sleep in men's quarters, 年轻人可以选择睡在男宿舍,
called the Morang,until they're married. 叫莫朗,直到他们结婚.
They often stay up late,singing of legends and past battles 他们经常熬夜,唱传奇和过去的战斗
and passing knowledge onto the next generation. 把知识传给下一代.
The young women live in their own dormitories, 年轻女性住在自己的宿舍里,
where they spend evenings brewing rice beer 他们晚上在那里酿造米酒
and waiting for the men to come and court them. 等着那些人来向他们求婚.
Faith and fortune are closely aligned 信仰和命运紧密相连
with the natural world. 与自然世界.
A shaman sacrifices a chicken to predict 一个巫师牺牲一只鸡来预测
whether a hunt planned for the afternoon will be successful. 计划在下午进行的狩猎是否会成功.
How the bird's intestines fall is portentous. 这只鸟的肠子怎么掉下来是个预兆.
The omens are good. 预兆是好的.
The hunt will take place. 狩猎就要开始了.
As the hunting party begins,spirits are high. 狩猎队一开始,人们就兴高采烈.
The Naga use gibbon-like war cries to flush out their prey. 那迦人用长臂猿般的战争叫声来驱赶猎物.
Hunters pick up the trail of a forest hog. 猎人们发现了森林猪的踪迹.
Their aim is to startle their quarry, 他们的目的是惊吓猎物,
rather than creep up on it. 而不是爬上去.
The kill,when it comes,is quick. 杀戮来得快.
As thanks to the gods, 感谢诸神,
the tip of the pig's ear is left in the forest. 猪的耳朵尖留在森林里.
The carcass will be taken back to the village, 尸体会被带回村庄,
butchered,boiled,and shared amongst the whole community. 屠宰,煮熟,并分享给整个社区.
A close respect and understanding of nature 对自然的密切尊重和理解
ties the Naga's beliefs to the world around them. 把纳迦人的信仰和他们周围的世界联系起来.
Animals like tigers are considered living deities. 像老虎这样的动物被认为是活生生的神.
Tiger skins are thought to grant their owners immortality. 虎皮被认为是赋予主人不朽的权利.
Traditional folk songs and dances are essential ingredients 传统的民间歌舞是必不可少的组成部分
of Naga culture. 那加文化的一部分.
These celebrations are inspired by a creature 这些庆祝活动的灵感来自一种生物
which is an icon throughout Northeast India. 这是印度东北部的一个标志.
Horn-shaped hair decorations celebrate 角形发饰
one of India's most exotic and alluring birds,the hornbill. 犀鸟是印度最具异国情调和诱惑力的鸟类之一.
The great pied hornbill is the largest 大斑犀鸟是最大的
of the hornbill family. 犀鸟家族的成员.
They can live up to 50 years. 他们最多能活50年.
Hornbills have a long,down-curved bill, 犀鸟有一个长长的向下弯曲的喙,
which is often brightly colored. 通常颜色鲜艳.
These beaks are heavy. 这些喙很重.
Hornbills are the only birds 犀鸟是唯一的鸟
whose first two neckbones are fused together. 头两块颈骨融合在一起.
They eat mainly fruit,but supplement their diet 他们主要吃水果,但补充饮食
with small mammals,insects,and even snakes. 与小型哺乳动物,昆虫,甚至蛇.
Hornbills choose just one mate. 犀鸟只选择一个配偶.
Pairs stay together for years,sometimes a lifetime. 两人在一起多年,有时一辈子.
During the breeding season,they lay one to two eggs. 在繁殖季节,它们产卵一到两个.
When it's time to nest,the female finds a tree hollow 到了筑巢的时候,雌鸟发现树上有个洞
and starts to seal it with dung and mud. 开始用粪和泥封起来.
While she sits on the nest,her partner brings her food. 当她坐在鸟巢上时,她的伴侣给她送来食物.
Incubation continues for up to eight weeks. 孵化持续长达八周.
These beautiful birds are admired and revered 这些美丽的鸟令人钦佩和崇敬
by people all across the region. 全地区的人都知道.
Both their beaks and feathers are highly prized, 它们的喙和羽毛都很珍贵,
especially to one tribe. 尤其是对一个部落.
Hornbill beaks are the most prized possession of the Nyishi. 犀鸟喙是尼希人最珍贵的财产.
They symbolize manhood and valor. 他们象征着男子气概和勇气.
Today,the great pied hornbill is protected by law. 今天,大斑犀鸟受到法律保护.
The Nyishi still uses fallen tail feathers, Nyishi仍然使用掉落的尾羽,
but now weave hornbill beaks out of cane 但现在用藤条编织犀鸟喙
or use fiberglass replicas instead. 或者用玻璃纤维复制品代替.
Hopefully,this will help protect this iconic bird 希望这将有助于保护这只标志性的鸟
from further decline. 从进一步下降.
Throughout India's lost world,the lives of animals 在印度失落的世界里,动物的生命
and people are intertwined. 人与人相互交织.
But the closest relationship 但最亲密的关系
is between humans and elephants. 在人类和大象之间.
The herd have reached the northern tip of India. 牛群已经到达印度的北端.
Here in the foothills of the Himalayas,they should be safe 在喜马拉雅山麓,他们应该是安全的
from conflict with man. 从与人的冲突中解脱出来.
But the heat of the day can prove just as taxing, 但是一天的炎热也会让人很累,
even under the shade of trees. 即使在树荫下.
A mud bath is one way to keep cool. 泥浴是保持凉爽的一种方法.
Although these noises are easy to hear, 虽然这些噪音很容易听到,
elephants have an extraordinary way 大象有一种非凡的方式
of communicating over long distances. 长距离的交流.
They make low-frequency noises called infrasounds, 它们发出低频噪音称为次声,
a series of deep rumbles and foot stomps, 一连串的隆隆声和脚踩声,
inaudible to the human ear. 人耳听不见.
Infrasounds travel a long way, 次声传播很远,
and can be heard by other elephants 其他大象也能听到
within 100 square kilometers. 100平方公里以内.
This gives elephants an incredible hearing range, 这给了大象难以置信的听力范围,
which can be very useful to help locate other elephants, 这对定位其他大象非常有用,
and to warn of danger. 警告危险.
The herd can hear something large approaching. 牛群能听到有什么大东西在靠近.
It's another herd,and they've got company. 又是一群人,他们有同伴.
They're with the Khamti tribe. 他们是卡姆蒂部落的人.
These are specially trained elephants called kanchies. 这些是经过特殊训练的大象,叫做坎奇.
They separate young elephants from herds 他们把幼象和群象分开
and capture them. 抓住他们.
One of the tribe spots tracks. 其中一个部落发现了铁轨.
The family flees. 一家人逃走了.
A young elephant gets separated from the herd. 一头小象从群中分离出来.
And she's caught. 她被抓了.
The sight of other elephants comforts the captive. 看到其他大象,俘虏感到很舒服.
She's brought back to the Khamti village, 她被带回了坎蒂村,
and,once tamed,will be cared for by a mahout. 一旦驯服,就会被驯服.
They will develop a lifelong relationship. 他们将发展终身的关系.
Elephants are an integral part of life for the Khamti tribe. 大象是坎蒂部落生活中不可或缺的一部分.
The new arrival will be fed and carefully looked after 新来的人将得到喂养和精心照料
by the mahout. 由驯兽师.
Soon,she will be part of the family. 很快,她就会成为这个家庭的一员.
She'll have daily baths 她每天都要洗澡
and learn to carry out a wide range of jobs, 学会做各种各样的工作,
from transportation to plowing fields. 从运输到耕地.
Working in the heat of the sun takes its toll. 在炎热的太阳下工作是要付出代价的.
Elephants can't sweat,so they suck up water 大象不会出汗,所以它们会吸水
from their stomachs and spray themselves to cool down. 从胃里喷出来降温.
It's not just their size that's useful to man. 对人类有用的不仅仅是它们的大小.
Elephants are highly intelligent. 大象非常聪明.
Their use of tools is probably as advanced 他们对工具的使用也很先进
as the great apes, 作为大猩猩,
and,like humans,they're self-aware. 而且,和人类一样,他们有自我意识.
Domesticated elephants are even released 驯养的大象甚至被放生
back into the forest in the evening to mix with wild herds 傍晚回到森林里与野生牛群混在一起
and forage for food. 寻找食物.
Each morning,the elephants return to their mahouts 每天早上,大象们都会回到他们的驯兽师那里
for breakfast and begin the day's work. 吃早餐,开始一天的工作.
These elephants have learned to live with people, 这些大象学会了与人相处,
but for the population to thrive,others must remain wild 但要使人口繁荣,其他人必须保持野生状态
and continue to follow their ancient migration routes. 继续沿着他们古老的迁徙路线.
Scientists are attempting to preserve natural corridors 科学家们正试图保护自然走廊
for the elephants' journey,so there is hope. 因为大象的旅程,所以有希望.
After four months,the herd reaches their destination, 四个月后,牛群到达目的地,
the fertile lands of the northeast. 东北部肥沃的土地.
Now,they can feast before they begin 现在,他们可以在开始前大饱口福了
their great return journey. 他们伟大的归途.
India's lost world is a place of jungle-clad mountains, 印度失落的世界是一片丛林密布的群山,
isolated for generations by war and weather. 世世代代被战争和天气所孤立.
This seclusion has resulted in the protection 这种隐居导致了保护
of mysterious peoples,and enigmatic animals 神秘的民族和神秘的动物
whose lives are woven together 他们的生命交织在一起
by this unique and incredible lost world. 在这个独特而不可思议的失落世界里.